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Stagger (aeronautics)
In aviation, stagger is the horizontal positioning of a biplane, triplane, or multiplane's wings in relation to one another.
An aircraft is said to have ''positive stagger'', or simply ''stagger'', when the upper wing is positioned forward of the lower (bottom) wing,〔(NACA technical report No.310 ) ''Wind Tunnel Pressure Distribution Tests on a Series of Biplane Wing Models'' (July 1929), p.17. Retrieved on 8 February 2009.〕 such as the de Havilland Tiger Moth or Stearman. Conversely, an aeroplane is said to have ''negative stagger'' in unusual cases where the upper wing is positioned behind the lower wing,〔 as in the Sopwith Dolphin or Beech Model 17 Staggerwing. An aircraft with the wings positioned directly above each other is said to have ''unstaggered'' wings, as in the Sopwith Cuckoo or Vickers Vildebeest.
The extreme of wing stagger is a tandem wing.
==Measurement==
The value sometimes expressed as a distance, ''s'' say, but it may also be written as a fraction or percentage of the 'gap' (distance ''g'' between wings), i.e. ''s''/''g''. It may also be presented as an angle equal to tan−1(''s''/''g''). The Gloster TSR.38 had a stagger of 0.91 m and a gap of 2.0 m,〔James, Derek N., ''Gloster Aircraft since 1917''. (1971). London: Putnam Publishing Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-370-00084-6 page 204〕 so the stagger might be written as 0.91 m, 0.455, 45.5% or 24.5°. ''s'' is the distance from the leading edge of the upper wing along its chord to the point of intersection of the chord with a line drawn perpendicularly to the chord of the upper wing at the leading edge of the lower wing, all lines being drawn in a plane parallel to the plane of symmetry.〔(NACA technical report No.269 ) ''The Distribution of Loads Between the Wings of a Biplane Having Decalage'' (November 1927), p.3. Retrieved on 9 February 2009.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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